Dictionary of Louisiana Creole

The contents of this website remain the intellectual property of the following authors: Albert Valdman, Thomas A. Klingler, Margaret M. Marshall, Kevin J. Rottet

• Warning: There has been no censoring of the data, including offensive language or racial slurs.
• Orthography: Entries use the modern Kouri-Vini Orthography; however, the examples retain their original orthography based on Haitian Creole from the book. There are also several examples written in a French Orthography; these have also been left as is in the book. Additionally, the acute (à) and circumflex (â) when used for stress, preterit, or disambiguation, have not been included separately (i.e., aren't used).
• There are several variants for certain sounds that have not been included in the variants for entries. Please use the variants in quotations in place of the others when searching for words with the following sounds:
  • use "s" for /s/ ← s, ç
  • use "è" for /æ/ ← æ, è
  • use "i" for /ɪ/ ← ì, i
  • use "an" for /ã/ ← an, am, en, em
  • use "on" for /ɔ̃/ ← on, om
  • use "in" for /ɛ̃/ ← in, im
• Parts of Speech abbreviation correspondences:
  • adj. = Adjective
  • adv. = Adverb
  • adv.phr. = Adverbial Phrase
  • art.def. = Definite Article
  • art.indef. = Indefinite Article
  • conj. = Conjunction
  • dem. = Demonstrative
  • det. = Determiner
  • det.poss. = Possessive Determiner
  • f. = Feminine
  • int. = Interjection
  • interr.phr. = Interrogative Phrase
  • m. = Masculine
  • n. = Noun
  • n.phr. = Noun Phrase
  • num.card. = Cardinal Number
  • num.ord. = Ordinal Number
  • onom. = Onomatopoeia
  • pl. = Plural
  • place n. = Place Name
  • prep. = Preposition
  • pron. = Pronoun
  • pron.indef. = Indefinite Pronoun
  • pron.refl. = Reflexive Pronoun
  • pron.rel. = Relative Pronoun
  • prop.n. = Proper Noun
  • ptcl. = Preverbal Particle
  • sg. = Singular
  • v. = Verb
  • v.aux. = Auxiliary Verb
  • v.cop. = Copular Verb
  • v.intr. = Intransitive Verb
  • v.mod. = Modal Verb
  • v.phr. = Verb Phrase
  • v.refl. = Reflexive Verb
  • v.tr. = Transitive Verb
• Sources abbreviation correspondences (post-1960):
  • gen = (BT + CA + NE + PC + ST)
  • AN = Ancelet 1994
  • BT = Bayou Teche, field data
  • CA = Côte des Allemands, field data
  • DC = Clifton 1980
  • DT 77 = Tentchoff 1977
  • GY = Guidry, Richard
  • HW = Hebert Wiltz
  • MO 60 = Morgan 1960
  • MO 69 = Morgan 1969
  • MO 72 = Morgan 1972
  • NE = Neumann 1985
  • PC = Pointe Coupee, field data
  • ST = Saint Tammany, field data
  Sources abbreviation correspondences (pre-1960):
  • BD = Broussard 1942
  • BI = Bienvenu 1933
  • BO = Bourgeois 1927
  • DU = Durand 1930
  • FO T# = Fortier 1895
  • FO 1887 = Fortier 1887
  • GC1 = Cable 1886a
  • GC2 = Cable 1886b
  • JR = Jarreau 1931
  • KB = Krehbiel 1962
  • LA = Lavergne 1930
  • ME = Mercier 1881
  • ME 90 = Mercier 1890
  • ME 91 = Mercier 1891
  • PE = Perret 1933
  • T# = Neumann 1987 Text # (T12–T17 are satirized Creole, use with caution)
  • TM = Marie Augustin
  • TN = Tinker 1935
  • TP = Trappey 1916
  • WO = Marguerite Wogan

Website created by William S. Morales.

5139 entries found

• lak CA, NE ( n. ) lok CA
  1. Potion; potion.
     Mo kone kon nou te gen le rum, mòm te fe en lak èk soda epi dirnyèl. I remember when we had the flu, Mama made a potion with soda and honey. (NE); Mo zami fe mwa en lok e sa kase mo laflenm e larim. My friend made me a potion and it broke up my phlegm and my cold. (CA) See examples
• lak CA, PC ( n. ) (z)ak PC
  1. Lake; lac.
     L a rontre dan le lak. Gen dez ekribis anndan l a monje kribis. [The raccoon] will go into the lake. There are crawfish in it, and he will eat crawfish. (PC); No gen en lavwar ki va dan lak e no pèch la. We have a pier that goes into the lake and we fish there. (CA) ♦ Li rive kote en ti lak e li kouri bwa. He arrived at a little lake and he went to drink. (JR) •Lak Bayou place n. (PC). Lac Bayou. •Lak Bourbi place n. (PC). Lac Bourbeux. •Lak Dez Il place n. (PC). Lac Des Iles. •Lak Dezalmann place n. (CA). Lake des Allemands. •Lak Kabonn o Sip place n. (PC). Lake Cabane aux Cyprès. Kofè ye pèl h en Lak Kabann o Sip, navè sitan de sip ladan. The reason they call it Lake Cabane aux Cyprès is that there are so many cypress tress in it. (PC) •Lak Kana Fronse place n. (PC). Lac Canard Français. •Lak Koulè Fon place n. (PC). Lac Coulée Profonde. La daryè, aou nouzòt nou te re, enave en lak, ye pèlè Lak Koulè Fon. Back there where we lived there was a lake, they called it Coulée Profonde. (PC) •Lak Laj place n. (PC). Lac Large. •Lak o Sol place n. (PC). Lac au Soi. •Lak Ponchartren place n. (CA). Lake Pontchartrain. •Lak Pirog place n. (PC). Lac Pirogue. •Lak Ron place n. Round Lake; Lac Rond. (PC) •Ti Lak place n. (PC). Little Lake; Petit Lac. See examples
• lakav CA ( n. )
  1. Cellar; cave.
     ♦ Bouki té acheté in baril dibère et li té caché li dans so lacave. Bouki had bought a barrel of butter and hidden it in his cellar. (FO T13) See examples
  2. Pantry; garde-manger.
     Enave lakav dèryèr lakizin. Se la ou no te mèt lagrès, lafarin, lavyann e landouy byen boukannen. There was a pantry behind the kitchen. That’s where we used to put lard, flour, meat, and well-smoked andouille. (CA) See examples
• lakiv CA, ST ( n. )
  1. Wooden cistern; citerne en bois.
     Ena en robinen apre lakiv. Kan to toumen li, dolo sòr. There’s a faucet on the wooden cistern. When you turn it, water comes out. (CA); Sistèm-la te kote lakiv. Li trape dolo pou lave lenj. The cistern was next to the wash tub. It caught water to wash clothes. (ST) See examples
• lakomédi No sources ( n. )
  1. Comedy ; comédie.
     ♦ Non, Madame, cé pa lacomédi; yapé fé tou ça yé peu pou sové Msié Tito. No, madam, that is no comedy; they’re doing all they can to save Mr. Tito. (ME 91) See examples
• lakoutir CA ( n. )
  1. Sewing; couture.
     Mo byen avanse dan mo lakoutir. Mo proch fini. I’ve made a lot of progress in my sewing. I’m almost finished. (CA) See examples
• Lakpot PC ( place n. )
  1. Lockport (town in Lafourche Parish); Lockport (village dans la Paroisse de Lafourche).
• lakré CA, PC ( n. )
  1. Chalk; craie.
     To kapab sèrvi lakre pou ekri an leu BLACKBOARD a lekol. You can use chalk to write on the blackboard at school. (CA) ♦ [Pou] foulir, to pronn di vineg e lakre. To disoud lakre-la don vineg-la. For a sprain, you take vinegar and chalk. You dissolve the chalk in the vinegar. (BI) See examples
• laksan CA, PC ( n. ) lakson PC labsan PC lèbsènnt PC
  1. Accent; accent.
     Moun langle-ye isi ye pa gen menm lakson e menm mongnen avèk nouzòt. English speakers here don’t have the same accent and the same ways we do. (PC); Lirlande-ye kan ye parl ye gen en laksan. Irish people when they speak, they have an accent. (CA) See examples
  2. Language, dialect; langue, dialecte.
     L ole laksan, se laksan Ile chèrche. Laksan moun. He wants the language, it’s the language he’s looking for, people’s accent. (PC) See examples
• lakòklush PC ( n. ) lakoklush PC lakoklish CA lakokrish CA
  1. Whooping cough; coqueluche.
     Kan moun te gen lakokluch, to te bwa dule chval. When people had whooping cough they drank horse milk. (PC); No te prann lwil fwa-d-mouri kan no te gen en rim e pou lakoklich. We would take cod-liver oil when we had a cold or whooping cough. (CA) ♦ Pou lakoklich pron di swif mouton e pi chofe li ben cho pi la pron sa avek di myel en ti kiyè a rate trwa fwa pa jou. For whooping cough, take sheep fat and heat it quite hot, and take it with some honey in a teaspoon. (LA) See examples
• lalanj CA ( n. )
  1. Loin; longe.
     Kan no fe labouchri no sèr toujour de roti: en roti lalanj, en roti de kòt. When we have a hog butchering, we always use the roasts: a loin roast or a rib roast. (CA) See examples
• lalin No sources ( n. )
  1. Alum; alun.
     ♦ Pou en vye bobo ye te pron lalen e ye te brile lalen e ye te met sa on bobo la. For an old wound they used to take alum and bum a piece of it and put that on the wound. (LA) See examples
• lalo CA ( n. )
  1. Sassafras, filé; feuilles écrasées du sassafras.
     To fe en pile lalo e to sèr en tami pou tamize sa. You make a ground mixture of sassafras and you use a sifter to sift it. (CA) See examples
• laluminonm CA ( n. )
  1. Aluminium; aluminium.
     Mo gen en lagrèg an laluminonm. Ena osi an greni. I’ve got an aluminium coffee pot. Some are made of granite. (CA) ♦ E met pa sa don oken laluminonm. But don’t put it in any aluminium container. (BI) See examples
• lalvé CA, PC, ST ( n. ) lvé PC ènn alvé BT
  1. Levee; levée (digue le long d’une rivière).
     Mo t ap ale e mo kanèt an lalve. I was going fishing with my fishing pole on the levee. (CA); Bayou te si plen dolo, lalve krake. The bayou was so full of water, the levee cracked. (ST) ♦ Mais panga flève, gros flève, quand li parti gonflé. Yé tendé li roulé comme moun qu ‘apé ronflé, si li cassé lalvée, adjé maïs, adjé di cane. But beware of the river when it swells. They hear it roll like a person snoring, If it breaks the levee, goodbye com, goodbye sugar cane. (T27) See examples
• lalyans CA, PC ( n. ) lalyons PC
  1. Wedding band, wedding ring; alliance.
     Fanm-la ave nonm-la mete lalyans-l on li. The woman and the man put a wedding ring on each other. (PC); Li marye. Ga, li gen en lalyans. He’s married. Look, he has a wedding band. (CA) See examples
• lam PC, ST ( n. ) lanm BT, CA, PC lalanm CA
  1. Blade; lame.
     Bitudman, leu lanm a enn pyòch e drwòt konm sa. Usually the blade of a hoe is straight like that. (BT); Lam razwa. Razor blade. (PC); Lonton pase, sete en lon razwa avèk en lanm ye te sèrvi pou raze ye. A long time ago, it was a long razor with a blade they used to shave. (CA); Se en lam dezèrb. It’s a blade of grass. (ST) ♦ Kouto sal-la kapab koupe en nab don mwens kenn minit. Repons: jis pase lalonm kont lekòch konm sa. This knife can cut a tree in less than a minute. Answer: Just pass the blade against the bark. [ 'la lomme ’] (DU) See examples
  2. Plowshare; soc.
     Li gen enn lanm, w en sòk. [A plow] has a blade or a plowshare. (PC) See examples
• lamansh BT, CA, PC ( n. )
  1. Lane; petit chemin de campagne.
     Li te gen ti moulen dan lamanch parlanj-la. He used to have a little mill on Parlange Lane. (PC) •lamanch devan n.phr. (CA). Front road (in Vacherie); chemin de devant (à Vacherie). • lamanch dèryèr n.phr. (CA). Back road (in Vacherie); chemin arrière (à Vacherie). See examples
• lamaran CA ( n. )
  1. Ring-around-the-rosie; jeu d’enfant dans lequel les participants se tiennent la main et font des tours.
     Ti moun-ye jou pa lamaran kòm kan nouzòt te piti. Children today don’t play ring-around-the-rosie like we used to when we were little. (CA) •lamaran dennye do n.phr. (CA). Ring-around-the-rosie; jeu d’enfant américain. Lamaran dennye do se en ron e la to va otour e to jèt en mouchwa dennye do piti to chwazi . Ring-around-the-rosie is a circle and you go around and throw a handkerchief behind the back of the child you choose. (CA) See examples
• lamias CA, PC ( n. ) lamalas PC
  1. Molasses; mélasse.
     Lamalas, ye pèy moun pou sa. Ka li fe fid pou zalimo, ye mèl sa ave l fid. Molasses, they pay people for that. When you make animal feed, you mix it with the feed. (PC); Ye ap bwi lamias. Li vyen epe kòm siro. They’re boiling the molasses. It gets thick like syrup. (CA) ♦ La roulaison fini... yé vende di sique, la mlasse et jisqu'à fond citerne, sans té gaingnain la glace. The sugar harvest is over... they sold sugar, molasses all the way to the bottom of the tank, without having any ice. (T27) See examples
• lamidon CA ( n. )
  1. Starch; amidon.
     No ajèt lamidon pou mèt andan lenj koton pou fe li rèd. To gen pou pase li apre. We bought starch to put in cotton clothes to make them stiff. You had to iron them afterwards. (CA) See examples
• laminn CA ( n. )
  1. Soft inner part of bread (as opposed to crust); mié.
     ♦ Aster zombi pran diamant la metté li, dans ein boule la mie di pain. Now, the wizard took the diamond, rolled it up in a piece of bread. (FO 1887) See examples
• lamityé CA, PC ( n. )
  1. Friendship, affection; amitié, affection.
     Mo lenm li, mo gen lamitye pou li. I love her, I have affection for her. (PC); En tèl e tèl ye gen lamitye pou en-na-lòt. So and so, they feel affection for one another. (CA) ♦ Jamen donn pèsonn en kouto, sa koup lamitye. Never give someone a knife, that will cut off the friendship. (LA) See examples
• lamizman PC, CA ( n. ) lamœzman PC
  1. Entertainment, amusement; divertissement, amusement.
     Mo te gen lamizman jodi. Mo danse. Man ale dan en PARTY. I had entertainment today. I danced, I went to a party. (CA); Mwa e mo sè n te senk sè nou ne dan lamizman. Fè. Bal. Gro benn. My five sisters and I, we were bom into entertainment. Fairs, dances, bands. (PC) ♦ Se la Konpè Lonpen tole gen en pe mizmon. Then Brer Rabbit wanted to have a little fun. (DU) See examples
• lamonya CA ( n. )
  1. Ammonia; ammoniaque.
     No te gen mal lèstoma. Mam dòn no en dos lamonya. We would have a stomach ache. Mom would give us a dose of ammonia. (CA) ♦ [Pou] lapikòt, li pronn lamonyak. li melonj li avek soda gato e li poud li avek sa. For chicken pox, she used to take ammonia. She mixed it well with baking soda and sprinkled the sick person with that. (BI) See examples
• lamoné No sources ( n. ) lamonin CA
  1. Change; monnaie.
     Mo dòn li en di pyas e mo peye mo grosri e mo pa i lamonen. I gave him a ten dollar bill and I paid for my groceries and I didn’t get any change back. (CA) ♦ Si cé pli bon maché , vou kapab ranne mouen lamoné If it is cheaper you can give me back the change. (T13) See examples
  2. Change, coins; pièces de monnaie.
     Mo lenm pòrt-monen sa-a-la parskè li gen en ta plas andan-la. Se la to me to lamonen. I like this purse because it has a lot of room in it. That’s where I put my change. (CA) See examples
• lamoulin CA ( n. )
  1. Mullein, Aaron’s rod; molène.
     Lamoulen, se en zèrb. Sa sanm en plant zepina. Sa fe debranch e sa fe de grenn tou piti. Aaron's rod is an herb. It looks like a spinach plant. It makes branches and tiny seeds. (CA) See examples
• lamour CA, PC ( n. ) lamou CA, PC
  1. Love; amour.
     ♦ Colombe , ain jour, en haut ain n yharbe dans bois t apé jonglé l'amour. The dove, one day atop a tree in the woods was thinking about love. (T18) •akt d amour n.phr. Act of Love; Acte d’Amour, cf. akt 2• Courting; la cour. Lavi lamou. Courting time. (PC) •fe lamour (a) v.phr. (CA; PC); fe lamou (PC). 1) To court; faire la cour, courtiser. Ye te ap fe lamour pandan trwaz an e ye kite. Ye te pi ole en-na-lòt. They were courting for three years and they split up. They didn’t want one another anymore. (CA) ♦ Compair Lapin avé Compair Bouki té tou lé dé oulé mayé et yé trouvé vini fé lamou à ein fie gro zabitan. Brer Bouki and Brer Rabbit both wanted to get married, and it happened that they both courted the daughter of a wealthy landowner. (T3) 2) To hug; serrer dans ses bras. (PC) See examples
• lamèr CA ( n. ) lamè PC mè PC mèr MO 60
  1. Sea; mer.
     Gro lamè. A big sea. (PC); Ye travèr se lamèr. Ye mene lez Afrik bòr isit e ye vann ye. They crossed the sea. They brought Africans here and they sold them. (CA) ♦ Dé n’hommes t apé promnain, ain jou, au bord lamer. Two men were walking one day beside the sea. (T24) See examples
• lanat No sources ( n. )
  1. Mat (of rush, straw); natte (de jonc, de paille).
     ♦ Konm ta tale to lanat ta dromi. As you stretch out your mat, so you will sleep, (i.e. You reap what you sow.) (BD) See examples
• lanba No sources ( n. )
  1. Distress; détresse.
     ♦ Aïe! zein zens , vini f é ouarrâ pou ‘ pôv' St. Malo dans l'embas! Ah! Young men, come make lament for poor St. Malo in distress. (GC2) See examples
• lanbarkasyon CA, PC ( n. ) labarkasyon CA, PC
  1. Transportation, vehicle; moyen de transport, véhicule.
     La nou MOVE don Chmen Nef-la, e nou frekant pa a souvon paskœ nou pa gen labarkasyon. Then we moved to New Roads, and we don’t get together often because we have no transportation. (PC); Mo te pa kapab ale parskè mo te pa gen labarkasyon pou ale. I couldn’t go because I didn’t have transportation to go. (CA) See examples
• lanbin No sources ( adj. )
  1. Slow, dawdling; lent, lambin.
     ♦ Li té si lambin ça té pronne li ein hè pou'léver. He was so slow it took him an hour to get up. (BD) See examples
• lanbrouy CA ( n. )
  1. Confusion; désordre, embrouillement.
     Se tro d komèrs de neg. Li toujou ap fe lanbara e sa fe lanbrouy. It’s too much gossiping. She’s always making trouble and it causes confusion. (CA) See examples
• landmin CA, PC ( adv., n. ) lònmin NE lanmin PC
  1. Next day; lendemain.
     Leswa mo resit mo leson pou landmen a lekol. At night I recite my lesson for the next day at school. (CA) ♦ Compair Lapin dit li li sré ménin li avec li lendemin matin. Brer Rabbit said that he would take him along the next day. (FO T11) See examples
• lanfèr CA ( n. ) lonfèr NE, PC
  1. Hell; enfer.
     Li kouri drwèt a lonfèr. He went straight to hell. (NE); Mo se lenmen ale dan paradi ke lanfèr. I would rather go to heaven than to hell. (CA) ♦ Li dis moin qu'ein mésaventure té fait li membe dé l'enfer. He told me that a mishap had made him a member of hell. (T38) See examples
• lang BT ( n. ) lalanng CA, PC lalonñ CA lalanñ CA lalang CA long NE
  1. Tongue; langue.
     Li tranglé li. So lalanng te e sòrti. He strangled him, and his tongue was hanging out. (PC); Mo te gen pou mèt enn pilul anba ma lang pou ide mo kœr. I used to have to put a pill under my tongue to help my heart. (BT); To mèt en tèrmomèt anba so lalang pou wa koman ho so lafyèv ye. You put a thermometer under his tongue to see how high his fever is. (CA) ♦ Si jamin to ouvri to la bouche pou dit ça to oua icite ma coupé to la langue avec mo gros couteau. If you ever open your mouth to tell what you saw here, I’ll cut out your tongue with my big knife. (FO T20) •gen lalang long v.phr. (CA). To talk too much; être indiscret (en parlant). •gen lalang ki koup dè kote v.phr. (CA). To talk out of both sides of one’s mouth; avoir la langue fourchue, lang-dœ-beuf n. (BT); lonng-deu-beuf (CA); lang-de-beuf (ST). Elephant ears (plant with long, broad leaves); langue-de-boeuf. Sa se de lang-dœ-beuf. Those are elephant ears. (BT) REM: Holmes 1990 identifies this as Arrowhead or Wapato ( Sagittaria lancifolia ). He notes that it can also denote the pickeral weed ( Pontedaria cordata L.). See examples
• langaj CA, PC ( n. ) lingaj PC longaj PC
  1. Language; langage, langue.
     Tou vyè moun-yè mouri l, langaj-la e mouri osi, e tou jenn moun-ye pa ka parle li. All of the old-timers are dying, the language is dying too, and young people can’t speak it. (PC) ♦ To blié parlé créol; mo oua ça; tapé parlé gran bo langage de France. You have forgotten how to speak Creole, I can see that; you’re speaking the great beautiful language of France. (ME) See examples
• langan CA ( n. ) langon CA, PC
  1. Ointment; onguent.
     En langon se li to t fròt avek. An ointment is what you rub yourself with. (PC); Ena langan gri pou depou dan latèt. There’s a gray ointment for lice on one’s head. (CA) ♦ Ye te met en longon ye te pele bazilikon. Sete pou tire limé. They used to put on an ointment they called basilicon. It was to remove humor, [‘longon’] (LA); ‘l’onguengri blanc’ (BI) See examples
• langiy PC ( n. ) langi CA, PC
  1. Eel; anguille.
     Se en langiy. Mo te konnen trape vye langiy-ye. That is an eel. I used to catch those old eels. (PC) ♦ Tout ça fait moin tellement peur, qué mo tremblé com ein nanguille. All of that scared me so much that I shook like an eel. (T37) See examples
• langré No sources ( n. )
  1. To fatten up, make fat; engraisser, cf. mèt 2. Frostbite; gelure.
     Mo te trape langre dan no lamen e dan no pye e no te gen pou chofe ye dan foye. We got frostbite on our hands and feet and had to warm them up by the fireplace. (CA) See examples
• lanik CA ( n. )
  1. Nape; nuque.
     Kan mo tourn mo kou, sa krak. Sa fe mo mal apre mo lanik. When I turn my head, it cracks. It hurts the back of my neck. (CA) See examples
• lanimozité No sources ( n. )
  1. Unanimity; unanimité.
     ♦ Bile là pacé proche à lanimozité. The vote on the bill came really close to unanimous. (T16) See examples
• lanizèt CA ( n. )
  1. Anisette, aniseed cordial; anisette.
     Mo fe en boutey lanizèt ekan mo te gen mal lèstoma. I made a bottle of anisette when I had a stomach ache. (CA) ♦ [Pou] lajonis, to bouyi de karòt e melanje avek lanizet. To donn li bwar a so laswaf For jaundice, you mix carrots with anisette, and let the sick person drink to his thirst. (BI) See examples
• lanj PC ( n. ) lonj PC
  1. Diaper; couche, lange.
     Lonj, se pou met on o piti-la kon li mouy, kan li pise e kan li kaka. A diaper is to put on the baby for when he wets, for when he urinates and when he defecates. (PC) See examples
• lanjélis CA ( n. )
  1. Angelus; angélus.
     Ye sònen lanjelis trwa jwa par jou. They rang the Angelus three times a day. (CA) See examples
• lank CA, PC ( n. )
  1. Ink; encre.
     To gen en kreyon a plim e me li dan lank pou ekri. You have a feather pen and you put it in ink to write. (CA) ♦ Mapé trempé mon plime dans dil’encre pou méte en haut papier l’histoire d’un bal Mardi Gras. I’m dipping my pen in some ink to put on paper the story of a Mardi Gras ball. (T40) See examples
• lanklum BT ( n. )
  1. Anvil; enclume.
     M ape chèche pou en lanklum. I’m looking for an anvil. (BT) See examples
• lanlvé PC ( v.tr. )
  1. To stretch, stretch out; (s’)étendre.
     Li lanlve so janm. He stretched his legs. (PC) See examples
• lanmbaratè No sources ( n. ) lanmbaratèz (f.) CA
  1. Troublemaker; agitateur.
     Li ole demand ke li te di sa. Li p ole di ke li te di sa. Se en lanmbaratèz . She wanted to deny she had said that. She didn’t want to say she did that. She’s a troublemaker. (CA) See examples